Line Following Robot Using IR Sensor with Atmega16 IR LED PROTUES DESIGN AVR

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Line Following Robot Using IR Sensor with Atmega16

               LDR sensors makes error signal from unwanted light source presented at surrounding therefore robot cannot travel on track . Infrared sensor gives more accuracy  path detection than LDR sensor  

               protues design file and hex code are given below . download and run the simulation to know the working of line following robot using atmega16 microcontroller

Simulation Files :

            1. Protues design file - DOWNLOAD

            2. Hex code file         - DOWNLOAD

Requirements:

          

            1. Microntroller - Atmeg16

            2. Lcd Module   - LM016L

            3. Gear Motor    - 100rpm

            4. IR - LED        - 3

            5. IR - PHOTOTRANSISTOR-3

            6. Motor Driver - L293D

            7. LED - 2 (Yellow)

            Here i used 3 IR LED with it's corresponding IR PHOTOTRANSISTOR for sensing track conditions on surface. figure below shows the working of IR led with IR phototransistor

                       The IR LED is just like any other LED, in that a current-limiting resistor is useful to control the device current and therefore the light intensity. With a 100 ohm resistor and the approximately 1.5V forward voltage drop of the IR LED, we'll have a LED current of about 35mA. That's fairly high, but more light emitted will yield more light coming back to our sensor.

                        The phototransistor is a device with an exposed silicon junction. When light passes through the plastic casing, most non-IR wavelengths are simply absorbed by the plastic, but the infrared light makes it to the sensor within. Each photon striking the silicon junction causes an electron to flow. Because this is a phototransistor and not a photodiode, this current is multiplied by the transistor's current gain, so each photon may actually cause perhaps 10 to 100 electrons to flow. This current has nowhere to go except through the 10K resistor, and as the current passes through the resistor, the voltage across the resistor rises (V=IR). This change in voltage is read by our microcontroller's Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).